Vol 157, No 1 (2020)

Articles

DISTRIBUTION OF GABA TRANSPORTER (GAT1) LEVELS IN THE BÖTZINGER COMPLEX AT THE EARLY STAGES OF POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IN RATS WITH PRENATAL SEROTONIN DEFICIENCY

Khozhai L.I.

Abstract

Objective - to study the distribution of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) levels in the Bötzinger complex at the early stages of postnatal development in rats with prenatal serotonin deficiency. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on Wistar line laboratory rats. To reduce the level of endogenous serotonin in the embryonic period, the method of tryptophan hydroxylase inhibition by para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (Sigma, USA) was used. The GAT1 transport protein was detected by immunohistochemical reaction with anti-GABA transporter1 primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies (AbCam, UK). The brain was examined on the 5th, 10th and 20th day of postnatal development. Results. At the early stages of postnatal development, a fluctuation in the GAT1 level of the GABA transporter was noted in the Bötzinger complex of control animals. In the first postnatal week, the GAT1 level was high both in the network of neuronal processes and terminals, and in synapses. During the 2nd week of life, the GAT1 level decreased, and by the end of the 3rd week it increased again, reaching the initial level. Deficiency of serotonin in the prenatal period caused a significant increase in the level of GAT1 in the neuropil of the Bötzinger complex in experimental animals at all studied stages of postnatal development. Conclusions. Prenatal deficiency of serotonin leads to a significant increase in the GAT1 level at the early stages of postnatal development, which can lead to a change in the GABA transmission, and, as a result, to a disturbance in the balance of inhibitory and stimulatory effects in the respiratory nuclei.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):7-12
pages 7-12 views

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF GABAERGIC NEURONS IN RAT CEREBELLUM

Zimatkin S.M., Karniushko O.A.

Abstract

Objective - to evaluate the dynamics of the formation of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and nuclei of the developing cerebellum in albino rat postnatal ontogenesis by immunohistochemical detection of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Method. The study was performed on 16 outbred albino rats on the 2nd, 7th, 15th day (early postnatal period) and 45th day after birth (puberty). For immunohistochemical detection of GABAergic neurons, primary monoclonal mouse antibodies GAD-67 raised against GAD, an enzyme for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, were used. GAD immunoreactivity was studied on paraffin sections of the paravermal zone of the cerebellum. Results. In the cytoplasm of the cell bodies of all types of GABAergic neurons in the cerebellar cortex, GAD was detected as early as on the second postnatal day. In the cytoplasm of the cell bodies of Purkinje cells (PC) it reached the maximum on the 7th day, and in their dendrites - on 15th day, and then decreased; in Golgi cells, maximal GAD staining intensity was detected on 45th day. By the 45th day, in the axons of stellate and basket cells, GAD immunoreactivity became significantly higher; they formed plexuses (baskets) around the PC bodies. GABAergic synapses were detected in the cerebellar cortex on the 7th day and reached their maximal development on the 45th day after birth. Moderate GAD immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of the cell bodies of neurons in the globose and emboliform nuclei of two-day-old rats. On the 7th day, GAD immunopositive fibers and axodendritic synapses between the neurons, and axosomatic synapses were detected, the number of which increased by the 45th day. Conclusions. GAD immunohistochemical study demonstrates a distinct dynamics of postnatal structural transformations of bodies, processes and synaptic terminals of GABAergic neurons in rat cerebellum.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):13-17
pages 13-17 views

SUBPOPULATIONS OF CALBINDIN-, CALRETININ- AND PARVALBUMINIMMUNOREACTIVE INTERNEURONS OF THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD OF FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE

Porseva V.V., Emanuilov A.I., Masliukov P.M.

Abstract

Objective - to make a comparative analysis of interneurons subpopulations that contain calbindin (CAB), calretinin (CAR) and parvalbumin (PAV) in the dorsal horn of the TIII-TV segments of the spinal cord (SC). Materials and methods. Immunoreactive (IR) interneurons in 16-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were studied using immunohistochemical methods. Results. All subpopulations of IR interneurons were located in all laminae of the dorsal horn of the SC; however, interneurons IR to PAV were not detected in plate I. The relative content of CAB interneurons was greatest in laminae I (27 %) and II (29 %), CAR interneurons - in lamina II (21,5 %), PAV interneurons - in laminae IV (5,7 %) and V (6,2 %). In addition, a subpopulation of PAV interneurons in plates II, III and in the region of the dorsal horn medial border (MB) was represented by a small group of cells, in contrast with other calcium-binding proteins. The same was true for CAR interneurons in plates III, IV, V and MB. The quantitative distribution of the subpopulation of calbindin-containing interneurons prevailed in all laminae of the dorsal horn of SC. The differences in cell sizes in the mentioned subpopulations of IR interneurons were statistically significant, with CAB and CAR interneurons being larger and PAV interneurons - smaller. Conclusions. In the dorsal horn of the SC, various subpopulations of interneurons immunoreactive to calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin were identified, and the subpopulations were specific in each lamina.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):18-23
pages 18-23 views

MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF CREATING A BILATERAL MODEL OF ISCHEMIA- REPERFUSION

Elagin V.V., Kostina D.A., Bratchikov O.I., Pokrovskaya T.G., Kuznetsov C.L., Zatolokina M.A., Gureev V.V., Zatolokina Y.S.

Abstract

Objective - to identify and study the severity of morphological changes in the structures of the renal cortex and medulla in the bilateral model of ischemia-reperfusion. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 50 male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 grams. A bilateral ischemia-reperfusion was modelled by applying atraumatic clamps to both kidney pedicles for 40 minutes. After 24 or 72 hours of reperfusion, the severity of structural changes in the renal cortex and medulla was assessed using histological and morphometric techniques. The height of epithelial cells in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron, the cross-sectional area of the renal corpuscle, glomerulus and capsular space were measured. Results. Severe structural changes in the renal tissue affecting both the tubular and glomerular apparatus of the kidneys were found, with the increase in pathological changes from the first to the third days of the experiment in the form of a decrease in the epithelial height of the distal and proximal tubules, as well as a decrease in the area of the renal corpuscle and vascular glomerulus. The morphological changes in the form of a structural damage of the epithelium of both renal cortex and medulla were detected on the 1st day of the experiment, and they tend to increase their severity. By the 3rd day of the experiment, the most pronounced reactive-destructive changes were visualized in the reabsorption-secretory sections of the nephron. They were manifested as a decrease in the height of the proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells, their exfoliation from the basement membrane and desquamation. The similar but more aggravated morphological picture was seen in collecting tubes, where conglomerates of dead epithelial cells exfoliated from the basement membrane were found in the gaps. The revealed reactive-destructive changes in the kidneys morphologically substantiate the adequacy of creating a model of ischemia-reperfusion. Conclusions. A 40-minute bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to severe structural changes in the kidneys in 1-3 days, which corresponds to a characteristic of acute renal damage.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):23-27
pages 23-27 views

CHANGES IN HEMODYNAMICS, ENERGY METABOLISM AND PLASTIC PROCESSES IN THE LIVER IN ACUTE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION CAUSED BY OBTURATION

Milyukov V.Y., Sharifova H.M.

Abstract

Objective - to reveal the patterns of morpho-functional changes in the liver in the dynamics of the development of acute small bowel obstruction (ASBO) caused by obturation. Material and methods. The study was performed on 18 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 17-20 kg, in which low small bowel obstruction was modeled. All scientific experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidance documents, guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals of the National Institute of Health (National Institute of Health - NIH, Bethesda, USA) and the «Rules for working with experimental animals», approved by the Ethics Committee for Federal State Institution «Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the local ethics committee of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. On histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the change in the area of the vascular bed of the liver was evaluated, the glycogen content in the liver was determined by a quantitative evaluation of the products of the Schick reaction and the level of total and cytoplasmic nucleoprotein according to Einarsson. Results. From the 3rd day after the formation of an obstruction, the central venous area decreased by 3.15 times compared with the norm, and the area of interlobular veins and arteries increased by 1.49 times and 1.55 times, respectively. The level of glycogen and nucleoproteins remained reduced throughout the experiment. Conclusions. In the formation of obturational ASBO, despite the absence of its clinical manifestations, a change in the organization of hemodynamics was noted since the 3rd day of the operation. It indicated the formation of the anastomotic hemodynamic pathway, bypassing the liver, which is the basis for reducing the detoxification function of the liver. It was also accompanied by energy and protein-synthetical liver dysfunction, which is the morpho-functional basis for the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Morphology. 2020;157(1):28-34
pages 28-34 views

STIMULATION OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE ANGIOGENESIS BY DIRECT AND CELL-MEDIATED ADMINISTRATION OF RECOMBINANT ANGIOGENIN GENE

Samatoshenkov I.V.

Abstract

Objective - to evaluate the effectiveness of revascularization of the rat gastrocnemius muscle following direct and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs)-mediated delivery of human recombinant angiogenin (Ang) gene to the ischemic area using adenovirus serotype 5 vector (Ad5). Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 30 Wistar rats. Fourteen days after the excision of the femoral artery fragment, the genetic construct was injected into the animals’ ischemic gastrocnemius muscle (AD5-Ang group, n=15). In the other group (mccp+Ad5-Ang, n=15), the transgene was delivered to the muscle with the help of MNCs within the same time limit. In the control group (n=15) 0,9 % NaCl was injected into the muscle of animals under the same conditions. Fourteen and twenty-eight days after the injection, the ratio of capillaries/muscle fibers, the number of muscle fibers and the number of muscle fibers with a central location of nuclei (MCN) were evaluated in the ischemic area. Capillaries were identified by localization of endothelial cells detected by immunohistochemical reaction with antibodies against CD31. Results. On the 14th day after administration of MNCs+Ad5Ang, the ratio of capillaries to the number of muscle fibers in the ischemic area increased by 57 % (p<0,05). On the 28th day in the MNCs+Ad5-Ang group and in the Ad5-Ang group, no significant differences in this indicator were found compared with the control group. The number of muscle fibers on the 14th day in the Ad5-Ang group did not change, and in the MNCs+Ad5-Ang group, it decreased by 58,4 % (p<0,05). By the 28th day, this indicator in the MNCs+Ad5-Ang group decreased by 95,9 % (p<0,05), and in the Ad5-Ang group - by 197,8 % (p<0,05). The number of MCN on the 14th day significantly increased in both experimental groups, in which the genetic constructs were used. Conclusion. The introduction of recombinant ang gene into the area of skeletal muscle ischemia or its delivery to this area with the help of MCNs stimulates angiogenesis and post-ischemic regeneration of muscle fibers.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):35-40
pages 35-40 views

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF HISTOARCHITECTONICS OF THE HUMAN SPLEEN

Fedorovskaya N.S., Zheleznov L.M., Zaitsev V.B., Diakonov D.A., Koledaeva Y.V.

Abstract

Objective - to determine the characteristic features of the human spleen histoarchitectonics in correlation with the main stages of the immune response. Material and methods. The work was performed on the autopsy material of spleen taken from 20 people, who had no history of the pathology of the hematopoietic system. The median age was 39 (27; 65) years. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric study of white and red pulp areas and cellular composition of spleen at different stages of immune response was carried out. Results. It was found that changes in the morphometric para­meters of white and red pulp, as well as its components, depended on the degree of activity of the immune processes that occur in tissue compartments of the spleen at various stages of the immune response. Differences in the content of cellular elements in the functional zones of the organ were revealed. Conclusions. To study the histoarchitectonics of the spleen, it is important to take into account the specifics of the migration of cellular elements, the dynamics and abundance of their distribution in white and red pulp at the main stages of the immune response, which undoubtedly affects the mass of the organ and, accordingly, its functional compartments. The results can be used to analyze the histoarchitectonics of the spleen and study its cellular composition in the diagnosis of diseases causing damage to the organs of the immune system.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):41-47
pages 41-47 views

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM DURING THE IMPLANTATION WINDOW IN HEALTHY WOMEN AND IN PATIENTS WITH REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE

Melkozerova O.A., Chistyakova G.N., Bragina Y.Y., Grishkina A.A., Shchedrina I.D.

Abstract

Objective - to study the ultrastructural pattern of endometrial receptivity in healthy women and in patients with reproductive failures. Material and methods. Scanning electron microscopy of the endometrial epithelium was performed in 119 patients with uterine factor infertility and miscarriage due to endometrial hypoplasia. Results. Ultramorphological picture of the epithelium of decidua in patients with infertility was characterized by aplasia and hypoplasia of pinopodia (67.39 %), tight junctions (69,53 %), and heteromorphy of secretory cells (15,22 %) in combination with atypia of cells of microenvironment (50 %). In patients with miscarriage, asynchronous development of pinopodia (46,67 %) and the lack of separation of intercellular contacts during the implantation window period (84,44 %) were noted. Conclusion. The revealed abnormalities determine the mechanisms of impaired blastocyst adhesion and trophoblast invasion at different stages of implantation in patients with uterine factor infertility and miscarriage.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):48-54
pages 48-54 views

THE EFFECT OF MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS TRANSPLANTATION ON LIVER MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF MATURE AND OLD LABORATORY ANIMALS WITH TOXIC HEPATITIS

Maklakova I.Y., Grebnev D.Y., Yusupova V.C., Petrunina Y.M.

Abstract

Objective - to study the influence of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) transplantation on morphometric parameters of the liver of mature and old laboratory animals with toxic hepatitis. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on mature and old male mice. Toxic hepatitis was caused by intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 at a dose of 50 μg/kg. The cells were transplanted via the tail vein 1 hour after administration of a single dose of carbon tetrachloride. The effect of MMSC on liver morphometric parameters in physiological conditions and after toxic hepatitis development was studied on days 1, 3, 7 after cell transplantation. Results. An increase in mitotic activity, an increase in the number of hepatocytes, hepatocyte nucleus area, and nuclear cytoplasmic index were found in mature laboratory animals with toxic hepatitis on the 3rd day after the introduction of MMSC. At the same time, only an increase in the area of hepatocyte nucleus and nuclear cytoplasmic index was revealed in old laboratory animals. On the 7th day after the introduction of MMSC to the animals with toxic hepatitis, both age groups demonstrated activation of mitotic activity, an increase in the number of hepatocytes, an increase in the area of hepatocyte nucleus and nuclear cytoplasmic index. Conclusions. Changes in liver morphometric parameters in mature and old laboratory animals are realized through mechanisms of both cellular and intracellular regeneration. In addition, the activation of only intracellular regeneration was found in old laboratory animals on the 3rd day after the introduction of MMSC, while in mature laboratory animals there was an increase in cellular and intracellular regeneration of hepatocytes. In later periods in both studied age groups, the change in the main liver morphometric parameters is realized through the activation of both cellular and intracellular regeneration.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):55-60
pages 55-60 views

FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF TOTAL BODY SIZE IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 17-22 YEARS

Mikhailova S.V.

Abstract

Objective - to identify the characteristics of the dynamics of indicators of total body size in students aged 17-22 years with different somatotypes. Material and methods. The study was conducted during 2010-2018 and was based on the results of prospective observations of morphological indicators of 530 students (240 boys and 290 girls) aged 17-22 during the period of study at the university. Body types were determined by the method of V. G. Shtefko and B. A. Ostrovsky (1929) as presented by S. S. Darskaya (1975). Results. Among the examined students, an increase in body length (BL) was found in 49,2 % of young men, and in 35,6 % of girls; the height gain stopped by 21-22 years in boys and by 19-20 years in girls. The majority of students during their study at the university showed increases in body mass and chest circumference. Boys and girls who demonstrated no change or even a decrease in these indicators during the study period were also found. In most senior students, gains in body weight and chest circumferences slowed down when the height growth ceased, but did not stop. It led to an increase in the number of overweight students, which is confirmed by the increase in the number of young people with an alimentive body type and high BMI values, more pronounced among boys. Students with a thoracic body type, which was the most common and dynamic somatotype in the studied sample, showed significant gains in total body size. Similar growth dynamics was found in boys with muscular body type. During training at the university, the number of young people with thoracic body type decreased, while the proportion of students with muscular and alimentive somatotypes increased. During the period of study in high school, the body type changed in 14,1 % students. Conclusions. The dependency of gains in indicators of total body size among boys and girls aged 17-22 on body type was revealed. The body type influenced the speed and direction of the dynamics of indicators of body length, weight and chest circumference.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):61-68
pages 61-68 views

CHARACTERISTICS OF FRICTION RIDGE SKIN OF THE FINGERS IN ELDERLY WOMEN

Romanenko A.A., Derevtsova S.N.

Abstract

Objective - to study the qualitative and quantitative indicators of papillary patterns of the elderly women distal phalanges. Material and methods. Papillary patterns were studied with the help of the «Malachite» software-hardware complex. Types of friction ridge patterns (arc, radial and ulnar loops, whorl) were determined; the prevalence of each type of pattern on all fingers of the right and left hands and the symmetry of friction ridge patterns on homologous fingers were studied in 169 elderly women. Formulas for each type of pattern on the fingers of both hands were developed. Statistical analysis of the study results was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software Results. The ulnar loops were recorded most frequently; the second most frequently found were whorls and radial loops, and radial loops and arcs were the rarest patterns. Statistically significant bilateral differences were found in the prevalence of whorls and arcs on fingers of left and right hands: the largest number of whorls was recorded on the fingers of the right hand, the largest number of arcs - on the fingers of the left hand. The symmetrical patterns were most frequently found on the fifth fingers, and significantly less frequent - on the second fingers. Conclusions. The studied features of skin patterns are markers that are characteristic for the ridged skin of the distal phalanges of elderly women.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):69-74
pages 69-74 views

THE NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF HUMAN EMBRYO CULTIVATING IN VITRO

Shurygina O.V., Belyakov V.K., Nemkovskiy G.B., Kuznezov A.B., Ivanova O.V., Tugushev M.T., Kulakova O.V.

Abstract

Objective - comparative analysis of the effectiveness of time-lapse technology and the standard cultivation of human embryos in vitro. Material and methods. A study of 465 developing human embryos using time-lapse technology was conducted. Morphokinetic parameters (the time intervals of the first cleavage, the presence/absence of the reverse cleavage, the direct division of the zygote into three blastomeres) and intracellular changes (multinucleation, fragmentation, vacuolization, etc.) were evaluated. The control group consisted of 512 embryos of preimplantation development using a standard cultivation technique. Standard key indicators of developing embryos (fertilization, growth to blastocysts, freezing, utilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate) were used as the criteria for assessing efficiency. Results. The key indicators of pre-implantation development of embryos did not show a significant difference in the time-lapse monitored group and the control. However, the blastocyst development rate, the freezing rate, the embryo utilization rate in the time-lapse group were slightly higher, as well as the pregnancy clinical rate of 42,6 versus 38,5 %. Conclusions. The time-lapse technology allows to reduce the adverse effects of environmental factors, increasing the cultivation conditions in vitro. Registration of key morphodynamic events and their analysis make it possible to more objectively evaluate the pre-implantation development of human embryos and select the most promising embryo for implantation for transfer.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):75-78
pages 75-78 views

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF SALIVARY GLANDS OF HUMANS AND LABORATORY ANIMALS

Muzhikyan A.A., Shedko V.V., Zaikin K.O., Gushchin Y.A., Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G.

Abstract

The article summarizes comparative data on the normal morphology of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands of humans and some laboratory animals most commonly used in biomedical research. The information presented in this review shows the similarity of the general principles of the structure and function of the large salivary glands of humans, rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. However, morphology is still quite variable, which is explained, first of all, by phylogenetic features associated with the lifestyle of humans and animals, as well as the type of nutrition. When the anatomy of the glands is principally the same, only slightly different in shape and relative size, the interspecies differences in the topographic location of the glands and their microscopic structure became more significant. The differences in the composition of the secretion of human glands and glands of studied animals were mainly due to the structural features of the acini and excretory ducts and the location of myoepithelial cells in these structures. Thus, in preclinical studies of drugs, it is necessary to take into account not only the physiological characteristics of salivation and the biochemical composition of saliva but also the structural features of the salivary glands of various animal species. The information on the anatomy, topography, and syntopy of the salivary glands presented in this review can be useful in performing surgical procedures, in diagnostic and treatment procedures, and for modeling pathologies. Information about the histological structure will help to avoid difficulties in making a diagnosis, as well as incorrect interpretation of the data.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):79-92
pages 79-92 views

CURRENT VIEWS ON HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF BRONCHIOLAR EXOCRINE CELLS

Goriachkina V.L., Tsomartova D.A., Chereshneva E.V., Ivanova M.Y., Kuznetsov S.L.

Abstract

This review provides new data on the structure and function of bronchiolar exocrine cells. The nonciliary cells in the bronchioles were first described by Kolliker as early as in 1881. The detailed study of these cells in human and rabbit bronchioles was carried out by M. Clara in 1973, and the cells were named after him. The review discusses the following functions of Clara cells or bronchiolar exocrine cells: a protective function due to the secretion of specific proteins, as well as a liquid substrate located on the surface of the mucous membrane; participation in the restoration of damaged ciliary cells as a kind of stem (progenitor) cells; the function of detoxification of harmful substances that enter the lungs, namely: the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens; participation in the development of many forms of lung cancer, the source of the formation of which are bronchiolar exocrine cells, including adenocarcinoma, the most commonly diagnosed lung tumor.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):93-97
pages 93-97 views

GASOTRANSMITTERS IN THE REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTRAORGANIC BLOOD VESSELS OF THE UTERUS

Chertok V.M., Khramova I.A., Kotsyuba A.Y.

Abstract

Despite the fact that the intraorganic circulatory bed is the main element providing adequate blood supply to organ structures, its structure, functions and regulatory mechanisms in the uterus are largely unknown. The review presents the literature data and own materials on the localization and distribution of gasotransmitters in the intraorganic vessels of the uterus. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of the participation of NO, CO and H2S in the regulation of the function of these vessels are rewieved. On the one hand, these materials emphasize the importance of these signaling molecules in the regulation of contractility of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels and capillary permeability, on the other hand, point out the need for further studies of the role of gasotransmitters in the general system of uterine hemodynamic regulation.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):98-111
pages 98-111 views

In memory of Yuriy Ivanovich BORODIN

- -.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):112-113
pages 112-113 views

In memory of Pavel Konstantinovich LYSOV

- -.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):114-114
pages 114-114 views
pages 115-117 views

IMENNOY UKAZATEL'

- -.
Morphology. 2020;157(1):118-119
pages 118-119 views

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies