Vol 146, No 5 (2014)

Using quantitative immunohistochemistry, changes in the expression of the BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) were studied in the hippocampus and neocortex of 24 male Wistar rats during the development of post-stress-related anxiety state in the experimental model of posttraumatic stress disorder, and its correction by hypoxic postconditioning (PC). For the induction of anxiety state, combined severe psychoemotional stress was applied (immobilization, forced swimming, ether stress followed 7 days later by repeated immobilization - restress). Correction of the anxiety state was achieved by application of hypoxic PC, which included three sessions of mild hypobaric hypoxia (360 mm Hg, 2 h, daily). The formation of the anxiety pathology was accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of immunoreactive BDNF in dorsal (CA1) and ventral (dentate gyrus ) hippocampus and neocortex, while hypoxic PC resulted in partial (hippocampus) or complete (neocortex) restoration of BDNF expression. The results indicate that the neurotrophic factors, and BDNF in particular, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the anxiety-depressive disorders as well as in mechanisms of proadaptive and neuroprotective effects of hypoxic PC.

The method of retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to study the organization of the projections of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTN) to functionally distinct regions of pallidal structures of brain in dogs (n=13). It was found that the fibers formed by the neurons of the limbic medial segments of RMTN rostral and caudal regions projected to the limbic pallidal regions - ventral globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. The reciprocal projections were detected between the ventral pallidum and medial segment of the rostral RMTN. These data indicate the possibility of the segregated conduction of the limbic information in the examined projection systems. However, in the majority of the pallidal structures, the convergence of the projection fibers originating from the neurons of functionally different parts of RMTN was observed. Thus, the projection fibers formed by the neurons of motor lateral and limbic medial parts of RMTN are directed to the limbic ventral segment of the globus pallidus and to the entopeduncular nucleus, which is innervated by the fibers formed by the neurons of functionally diverse structures. The possible pathways for conduction of functionally different information and its integration in the projection systems investigated are discussed.

The aim of the study was to examine the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the thymus 5 months after the intraperitoneal administration of the carcinogen (1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the dose of 20 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks). The study was conducted on 50 outbred albino male rats. Paraffin sections of the thymus were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and were processed by an immunohistochemical method using antibodies against CD3, CD30, CD68, synaptophysin, S-100 protein, p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, as well as against IgM and IgG. It was found that carcinogen administration resulted in the increased number of thymic cells expressing bcl-2, S-100 and Ki-67, active T-lymphocytes and thymopoietic microenvironment cells, as well as in the change of the correlation between medullary and cortical CD3 +-thymocytes with a predominance of the latter. Thus, the malignant tumor, developing in the colon, on the one hand, inhibits the supply of the precursors of thymopoiesis to the thymus, while on the other - enhances the proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes into mature forms

Using the methods of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and morphometry the status of the various components of the dermis was studied in the experiment performed on 16 adult mongrel dogs that had their shank extended by 17% of its original length using the method of transosseous distraction osteosynthesis with a daily rate of 1 mm for 4 steps. During the period of distraction, a reduction in the thickness of the dermis, change of the architectonics of its fibrous component, active collageno- and elastogenesis, cell proliferation, and the expressiveness of heteromorphism of fibroblast and macrophage cell populations were detected. In postdistraction period, all the indices were gradually approaching the norm. The data obtained may serve as criteria for the estimation of the stages of the reparative process developing under the created conditions and should be considered in the development of new technologies aimed at optimizing reparative-regenerative processes during tibial lengthening.

The morphometric parameters of bone tissue structure were studied in 168 dentoalveolar segments of maxillar premolars relative to the conventional median vertical median line. It was found that height, width and area indices were not significantly different in the 1st and the 2nd premolar dentoalveolar segments. At the same time, the dependence of the thickness of compact and cancellous bone on the side (vestibular, palatal) and part (upper, middle, base) of the segment was detected. It was also found that while the thickness of the compact substance increased from the upper part of the segments toward the base independently on their part, the thickness of the cancellous substance, conversely, was significantly decreased on vestibular side, and was increased on the palatal side.

Comprehensive anthropometric and densitometric study using the dual x-ray absorptiometry was conducted to determine the relationship between the mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in 360 women aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Significant direct correlation was detected between the somatotype and the amount of mineral substances in the vertebrae, bone mineral density and the area of the lumbar vertebrae. Bone mineral density level of the lumbar vertebrae was higher in women with europlastic and athletic somatotypes, which were characterized by high values of body mass and length, body muscle and fat mass. Low values of bone mineral density of vertebrae were identified in women belonging to subathletic, mesoplastic and stenoplastic somatotypes. The risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis is increased in women with low body muscle mass

The aim of the study was to develop the methodologic approaches for the demonstration of the complex synaptic groups (glomeruli) in human cerebellum using synaptophysin immunocytochemistry. The protocols presented in the paper allow to obtain of high quality prepartaions for conventional light and confocal laser microscopy in which individual glomeruli and intraglomerular axonal terminals could be distinctly identified. The preparations obtained are suitable for a quantitative analysis

This review is devoted to the control of hair growth. The hair follicle undergoes cyclic transformation from the resting phase (telogen) to the growth phase (anagen). The latter phase is characterized by rapid proliferation of follicular keratinocytes and elongation and thickening of the hair shaft. The regression phase (catagen) leads to the involution of the hair follicle. These cyclic changes include rapid remodeling of both the epithelial and the dermal components. They are controlled by numerous different factors: sex hormones, neurotrophins, FGF, TGF, BMP, VEGF, Sonic Hedgehog, and other signaling pathways.